Kopper did a fine job of providing a solid list of many. The list goes on, of course, but Kopper's list will get you started for sure.
A couple more things to look at:
Sympathy for the Record Industry put out a decent comp years back called The Sympathetic Sounds of Detroit (recorded/produced by Jack White before the White Stripes escalated to stardom). There are a lot of great bands on that, including the Clone Defects and the Paybacks (which isn't on the list above). You could also go further by digging up any of the several other Mick Collins bands (the guy behind Gories and Dirtbombs).
A lot of people also lump the MC5 on lists like this, too.
Also, there's a new-ish band out called Gorevette, which is fronted by Nikki Corvette (of Nikki and the Corevettes) and a couple of the Gore Gore Girls. The Go also made a bit of a splash, even got signed to Sub Pop a few years back.
Tyvek is another one that just got signed to In The Red Records.
I could go on, but...